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The Gamburtsev subglacial mountains are buried 3 km below the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, the largest remaining body of ice on the planet.
Experts are trying to learn more about the frozen continent as even a small thaw could swamp low-lying coastal areas and cities. Antarctica contains enough ice to raise world sea levels by about 57 meters (187 ft) if it ever all melted.
Discovered in 1958, the mountains' origin has largely been an enigma until now.
Around 34 million years ago, there was an abrupt decline in levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere which prompted the glaciation of Antarctica. The process began over the Gamburtsev mountains, Fausto Ferraccioli, lead author of the report and geophysicist at the British Antarctic Survey, told Reuters.
On top of the mountain range, there is a strong possibility of finding the oldest ice on the planet, which could be 1.2 million years old or more, he said. Until now, scientists have only been able to study ice from up to 800,000 years ago.
Based on radar, gravity and magnetic data, scientists from seven countries found a tectonic process called rifting was the trigger that lifted up the Gamburtsev mountains.
The findings, published in the journal Nature, showed that several continents collided around one billion years ago, crushing the mountain's rocks together. This formed a huge root which extended deep beneath the mountain range. Although the mountains eroded over time, the root was left behind.
When rifting occurred up to 250 million years ago, the root warmed up, which forced land upwards to re-form the mountains.
The East Antarctic Ice Sheet, which covers 10 million sq km, protected the mountains from erosion.
"In particular, the fluvial and glacial valleys were responsible for uplifting the peaks and making the mountains look like the Alps. Their present day aspect is strongly influenced by climate and ice sheet evolution," said Ferraccioli.
"Understanding long-term ice sheet evolution is critical in order to develop more realistic models of variations of the ice sheet to climate change," he said.
The mountains could also contribute to the long-term stability of the ice sheet.
"The ice sheet and climate models would suggest you can still maintain an ice sheet in the interior of East Antartica over the mountains even if the temperature rise were 10 degrees (Celsius) above the present day -- perhaps even as much as 15 degrees," said Ferraccioli.
(Editing by Janet Lawrence)
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Duane Hoffman msnbc.com
By Helen A.S. Popkin
Nothing starts the week off right like all your friends screaming nonsense via Facebook. You know, something like this:
ATTENTION: THE HACKERS ARE PUTTING SEXUAL VIDEOS TO YOUR NAME IN THE WALLS / PROFILES OF YOUR FRIENDS WITHOUT YOU KNOWING IT. YOU DONT SEE IT, BUT OTHER PEOPLE CAN SEE IT, AS IF THESE WERE A PUBLICATION THAT YOU MADE! ALSO, THEY'RE SENDING INBOX MSGS TO YOUR FRIENDS ASKING YOU TO CLICK A LINK. DON'T DO IT!! SO IF YOU RECEIVE SOMETHING FROM ME ABOUT A VIDEO OR A STRANGE INBOX MESSAGE, IT'S NOT ME! COPY THIS TO YOUR WALL. IT IS FOR THE SECURITY OF YOUR OWN IMAGE!!! And REPORT IT!!!!! ALSO IF U ARE ASKED TO VOTE ON A PICTURE. DO NOT GO & VOTE: IT'S A HACKER!! POST THIS TO YOUR WALL FOR YOUR FRIENDS!!
This hoax ? which seems to be?resurging after a viral run in late September ? isn't tied to a clickjacking scam. Clickjacking occurs when you click a scam link that then posts the same scam link to?the walls of everyone you know on Facebook. That's not what's happening here. Instead, Facebook users?are cutting and pasting this warning on their Facebook status because another Facebook status told them too.
Bad Facebook etiquette: Which is worse?
167740
Clicking on scams that spam your Facebook friends!
15%
167741
Spreading unverified hoaxes via cut-and-paste!
38%
167742
ABUSING CAPS LOCK!!!!
15%
167743
There is nothing worse than Facebook!
31%
167744
Other (Tell us about it in comments!)
1%
VoteTotal Votes: 391
If that's you, cut it out.
Both Snopes ? the hoax-debunking website you need to add to your Favorites browser bar immediately?? and Sophos Security haven't found any evidence that hackers are able to prevent you from seeing content they've posted using your name, as the screaming status (above) claims. Of course, if you've clicked on a clickjacking scam ? Justin Bieber punching some girl, that thing that girl's dad did that you won't believe, that thing about not having respect for Miley Cyrus, etc. ? that same spammy link will crap up the walls of all your friends. But you will always?be able to see the damage you've done.
Sophos confirms:
Yes, scammers have often posted thumbnails of what appear to be pornographic videos to compromised Facebook users' walls, but we have never seen any incidents where the post was *invisible* to the user.
Whether you're more culpable?for clicking on a link that spams your Facebook friends, or actively cutting and pasting hoaxes under your own steam is a discussion to be decided by the ages.?A CAPS LOCK status update may not spread malware, but it does spread ignorance as well as clog up paths of communication. Also, it's annoying.
In review, here are some things we can safely assume you won't?see via Facebook: Osama bin Laden's corpse, that video of that thing Justin Bieber did to that girl or what happened when that girl's dad walked in on her, an app that reveals?who has?been looking at your profile or what you'll look like when you're old, and an authentic message from Facebook WRITTEN IN CAPS LOCK.
If you do fall victim to actual clickjacking ? hey you're only human ? here's what to do:
Hat tip to Julissa McHugh?for spotting this hoax's return.
More on the annoying way we live now:
Helen A.S. Popkin?goes blah blah blah about the Internet. Tell her to get a real job on Twitter and/or Facebook.?Also, Google+.
Source: http://technolog.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2011/11/14/8802520-its-a-hoax-hidden-sex-videos-on-facebook
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When rapper and actor Heavy D died last week, it came as a shock to fans and the hip hop community.
But the 44-year-old's autopsy results didn't provide any answers into how he died. The L.A. coroner's office said Monday it could take several weeks to determine a cause of death because the autopsy was inconclusive, the Los Angeles Times reports.
PHOTOS: Celebs we lost in 2010
Ed Winter, the coroner's spokesman, told the paper last week there were no illegal drugs found at Heavy D's Beverly Hills home. A doctor had prescribed him a drug after he experienced a cough.
The coroner plans to do more toxicology tests "to see what's in his system," Winter told the Los Angeles Times.
PHOTOS: Us' tribute to stars gone too soon
Last Tuesday, Heavy D (real name: Dwight Arrington Myers) experienced breathing problems at his condo complex and then collapsed. "Upon arrival, officers discovered [he was] conscious, communicative, but having difficulty breathing," the Beverly Hills Police Department said in a statement.
PHOTOS: '90s stars, then and now
On October 8, the Jamaican-born entertainer took the stage at the Michael Jackson tribute concert in Cardiff, Wales. Three days later, he performed a medley of his hits, including "Nuttin' But Love," "Is It Good to You," "I Want Somebody" and "Now That We Found Love," at the BET Hip-Hop Awards.
In addition to music, the "Now That We Found Love" rapper appeared in several movies prior to his death, including Life, The Cider House Rules and Tower Heist.
Get more Us! Follow us on Twitter, Friend us on Facebook, Subscribe to Us Weekly
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WARSAW, Poland ? Polish prosecutors have filed criminal charges against 46 people suspected of attacking police during Independence Day marches in Warsaw.
The charges Sunday come as Polish authorities have moved quickly to put on trial some of the 210 people arrested in Friday's attacks. Officials are taking a tough stance against violence before the Euro 2012 soccer championships next year.
The news agency PAP quoted a spokeswoman for prosecutors, Monika Lewandowska, as saying that 46 were charged for their involvement in what was some of the worst street violence in Poland in years.
Of 210 arrested, 92 were Germans, many of whom have been allowed to return home. Lewandowska said two people were convicted Sunday after they confessed.
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HONOLULU ? Chinese President Hu Jintao in pastels and plumerias? Russian President Dmitry Medvedev sporting pineapples and palm trees? It didn't happen.
President Barack Obama on Sunday chose not to continue a tradition started by President Bill Clinton nearly two decades ago.
Leaders at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum in Obama's native Hawaii were photographed together in the customary, stodgy presidential wear ? neckties and dark suits ? not the casual, colorful Hawaiian aloha shirts that many were hoping to see them in.
There wasn't even a single floral lei.
"I got rid of the Hawaiian shirts because I looked at pictures of some of the previous APEC meetings and some of the garb that appeared previously and I thought this might be a tradition that we might want to break," Obama said late Sunday. "I suggested to leaders, we gave them a shirt and I promise you if they wanted to wear it that would have been fine but I didn't hear a lot of complaints about breaking precedent."
Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard stood out by contrast with her white jacket and reddish blouse. The leaders smiled for the quick shot for a sea of photographers amid a backdrop of tropical trees and the blue Pacific Ocean.
As the leaders walked toward the APEC photo platform, Chilean President Sebastian Pinera Echenique even asked Obama, "Where are the Hawaiian shirts?"
"We are ending that tradition," Obama replied.
Heads of states have posed together in the traditional costumes of the host nation each year at APEC, often making it one of the lighter and memorable moments of the forum. The tradition began the last time the United States hosted APEC. In 1993, Clinton handed out bomber jackets for leaders to wear in their commemorative group photo in the Seattle area.
The custom continued through the years: silk tangzhuang jackets in China; long, flowing hanboks in South Korea; ponchos in Peru and sailing jackets in New Zealand.
To see leaders in aloha attire was a golden opportunity to market tourism-dependent, cash-strapped Hawaii. The shirts are a symbol of the multicultural history of Hawaii and widely accepted here for everyone from tourists sipping umbrella-adorned drinks beachside to bureaucrats in downtown.
Obama hinted that he would skip the shirts at a dinner Saturday he hosted for the leaders.
"Two years ago, when I was in Singapore and it was announced that we would be hosting the APEC Summit here in Honolulu, I promised that you would all have to wear aloha shirts or grass skirts," Obama said. "But I was persuaded by our team to perhaps break tradition, and so we have not required you to wear your aloha shirts, although I understand that a few of you have tried them on for size, and we may yet see you in them in the next several days."
While the Asia-Pacific leaders didn't don the shirts, there was plenty of aloha around.
The APEC host committee had more than 2,000 special APEC aloha shirts made for volunteers. Some Honolulu police officers assigned to crowd control also wore aloha shirts.
The shirts first emerged in Hawaii in the 1930s and became accepted business wear in the islands by the 1960s. Designs often carry patterns or fabrics representing many of the Asia-Pacific cultures found here and feature scenes of Hawaii.
They have been worn for decades by celebrities and politicians visiting the islands, from Elvis Presley to Richard Nixon. Hu even wore a brown and green patterned one to a luncheon with Hawaii's governor when he stopped here as China's vice president in 2002.
Obama, however, isn't the first to skip the tradition. Last year, the host nation Japan skipped the ritual for the first time. Officials cited a tight schedule, and said tight-fitting traditional kimonos might not be suitable for a photo session. The leaders instead wore jackets, slacks, and shirts without neckties to their photo.
All eyes will now be on next year's APEC host, Russia, to see if it revives the tradition and dresses the leaders in rubashka shirts or ushanka fur hats.
___
AP White House Correspondent Ben Feller in Kapolei, Hawaii, contributed to this report.
__
Follow Jaymes Song at http://twitter.com/jaymessong
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TEHRAN (Reuters) ? Iran buried Monday a senior military officer it called the "architect" of its missile defences, killed in a massive explosion at a Revolutionary Guards' arms depot that authorities said was an accident.
Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei attended the ceremony for Brigadier General Hassan Moqaddam and the 16 other Revolutionary Guards who died in the explosion at their military base Saturday. The blast was so big it was felt in the capital Tehran, some 45 km (28 miles) away.
Officials said the accident happened as troops were moving munitions at the base west of Tehran and have denied suggestions that it may have been sabotage. President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad called for better observance of safety standards at military sites.
On October 12 last year a similar blast at a Revolutionary Guards munitions store killed and wounded several servicemen in Khoramabad, western Iran. Authorities said that explosion was an accident.
"Martyr Moqaddam was the main architect of the Revolutionary Guards' canon and missile power and the founder of the deterrent power of our country," Hossein Salami, the deputy head of the Revolutionary Guards, said in a eulogy at the funeral, state broadcaster IRIB reported.
The Revolutionary Guards were set up in parallel to the regular army after the 1979 Islamic Revolution and became a hugely powerful military and economic body.
A veteran of the eight-year Iran-Iraq war of the 1980s, Moqaddam's importance was underlined by the appearance of Khamenei at his funeral and a personal visit to his family by Defense Minister Ahmad Vahidi to convey Ahmadinejad's condolences.
While there was no indication of any kind of attack, the timing of the explosion -- amid rising tensions with Israel and the West over Iran's nuclear program -- was likely to spark speculation about the incident.
A report published by the United Nations nuclear agency last week that contained what it called credible evidence pointing to military dimensions to Iran's atomic activities fueled demands in Washington and Europe for more sanctions on Tehran and increased talk of using military strikes to prevent it getting the bomb.
Khamenei responded by saying the Revolutionary Guards would "answer attacks with strong slaps and iron fists."
Military experts say bombing Iran's military sites would be more risky than similar actions Israel has made in the past in Iraq and Syria.
Iran has said several assassinations of nuclear scientists, and cyber attacks are covert operations by Israel and its allies to undermine the atomic work it says is entirely peaceful.
(Reporting by Ramin Mostafavi; Writing by Robin Pomeroy; Editing by Matthew Jones)
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NEW YORK (Reuters) ? Stocks jumped on Friday, ending higher for the week after the Italian Senate's approval of economic reforms gave investors some relief from worries about the euro zone's debt crisis.
After another week of volatility driven by news on the crisis, the S&P 500 managed to end 0.8 percent higher for the week. However, investors remain skittish and are taking out insurance in the options market against future losses.
Banks were among the leaders on a day when growth-oriented stocks turned in the strongest performance. Sentiment received a big boost from falling Italian bond yields, which earlier this week hit the highest level since the euro was introduced in 1999.
Stock market volatility has been closely tied to European credit markets in recent days.
"I'm both positively surprised and reassured that the European situation is not pushing us into a tailspin the way it could have," said Natalie Trunow, chief investment officer of equities at Calvert Investment Management in Bethesda, Maryland, which manages about $13 billion.
A package of austerity measures demanded by the European Union was passed by the Senate and now goes to Italy's lower house, which is expected to approve it on Saturday.
Passage would trigger the resignation of Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi. Former European Commissioner Mario Monti is widely expected to take over as head of a broadly based national unity government.
In debt-strapped Greece, the prime minister-designate, Lucas Papademos, a former vice president of the European Central Bank, will name a new crisis cabinet to roll out austerity plans.
Among the best-performing sectors for the day were an index of semiconductors (.SOX), up 3.5 percent; the Dow Jones Transportation average (.DJT), up 2.8 percent, and the S&P energy index (.GSPE), up 1.8 percent.
For the day, the Dow Jones industrial average (.DJI) was up 259.89 points, or 2.19 percent, to end at 12,153.68. The Standard & Poor's 500 Index (.SPX) was up 24.16 points, or 1.95 percent, to finish at 1,263.85. The Nasdaq Composite Index (.IXIC) was up 53.60 points, or 2.04 percent, to close at 2,678.75.
For the week, the Dow rose 1.4 percent and the S&P 500 gained 0.8 percent, while the Nasdaq slipped 0.3 percent.
Financial shares, seen as vulnerable because of their exposure to European debt, ranked among the best performers. Bank of America Corp (BAC.N) rose 3 percent to $6.21, and JPMorgan Chase & Co (JPM.N) gained 1.7 percent to $33.28. The KBW Bank index (.BKX) climbed 2.1 percent.
Despite the week's higher close, options activity suggests some investors fear the gains won't last.
WhatsTrading.com options strategist Frederic Ruffy pointed to a massive January $43-$49 put spread bought on the iShares MSCE EAFE Index (EFA.P), an exchange-traded fund that holds shares of companies from European, Australian and Far Eastern markets.
Among other advancers for the day, shares of Walt Disney Co (DIS.N) jumped 6 percent to $36.70 after the media and entertainment group reported a 7 percent gain in revenues and a 30 percent jump in profit, beating expectations.
Advancers sharply outnumbered decliners on the New York Stock Exchange by a ratio of 6 to 1, while on the Nasdaq, nearly four stocks rose for every one that fell. (Reporting by Caroline Valetkevitch; Additional reporting by Angela Moon; Editing by Jan Paschal)
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PROVIDENCE, R.I. (WPRI) - The House and Senate finance committees passed the sweeping Raimondo-Chafee pension overhaul bill on Thursday night, setting the stage for votes by the full chambers next week.
The House Finance Committee voted 13-2 in favor of the bill, with Rep. John Carnevale, D-Providence, and Rep. William San Bento Jr., D-Pawtucket, voting against. The House committee met for less than a half-hour.
The Senate Finance Committee voted 10-1 in favor, with the lone opposing vote cast by Sen. Frank Ciccone, D-Providence, spokesman Greg Pare said.
All state lawmakers will return to the Statehouse next Thursday, Nov. 17, for floor debates and votes on the bill. The House will start at 2 p.m. and the Senate will start at 4 p.m.
"We'll do better on the floor," Carnevale told union lobbyists as he shook their hands following the committee's approval of the measure, which was bitterly opposed by labor leaders. Thousands of workers and retirees protested it in a rally on Tuesday.
The amended bill unveiled Wednesday evening suspends cost-of-living adjustments (COLAs) for all workers, though an interim COLA may be awarded every fifth year if the pension fund's investments preform well. It also raises the official retirement age to 67 with some exceptions and puts most workers into a hybrid plan.
"The proposed plan would be unprecedented, both in terms of the employees it would affect and the scope and scale of changes to their benefits," the Pew Center on the States, a Washington-based research group, wrote in an analysis of the proposal last week.
The bill would immediately reduce the state-run pension system's unfunded liability from $7.3 billion to roughly $4.1 billion, and save taxpayers roughly $300 million in additional deposits to the fund in 2012-13, according to an analysis by the House and Senate fiscal advisors. The pension fund's shortfall would gradually be closed over a 25-year period.
Ted Nesi ( tnesi@wpri.com ) covers politics and the economy for WPRI.com and writes the Nesi's Notes blog. Follow him on Twitter: @tednesi
Source: http://www.wpri.com/dpp/news/politics/finance-committees-pass-ri-pension-bill
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NEW YORK (AP) ? Ashton Kutcher is handing over his Twitter account to his personal management after he tweeted several uninformed messages about Joe Paterno's exit from Penn State.
On Wednesday night, Kutcher defended the football coach on Twitter before learning the details of the alleged sex-abuse scandal swirling around former assistant coach Jerry Sandusky. Kutcher then recanted and apologized on Twitter.
He followed with a blog post Thursday saying he would have Katalyst Media manage his feed as "a secondary editorial measure to ensure the quality of its content."
Kutcher, who has more than 8.2 million followers, said Twitter had grown beyond more than "a fun tool." The 33-year-old "Two and a Half Men" star said the platform has become "too big" for him to manage alone.
___
Online:
http://aplusk.posterous.com/twitter-management
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