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Greek crisis: what would the ancients say?

In this photo taken Friday, Oct. 21, 2011, marble statues of ancient Greek philosophers Socrates, right, and Plato, left, are seen on plinths in front of the Athens Academy, as the Greek flag flies. More than 200 international philosophers braved strikes and protests to come to Greece this month to join a forum and debate matters of the mind. Greece's illustrious ancient thinkers built the foundations of Western scholarship, and their philosophy stands as an unquantifiable source of national wealth even during a financial crisis. (AP Photo/Petros Giannakouris)

In this photo taken Friday, Oct. 21, 2011, marble statues of ancient Greek philosophers Socrates, right, and Plato, left, are seen on plinths in front of the Athens Academy, as the Greek flag flies. More than 200 international philosophers braved strikes and protests to come to Greece this month to join a forum and debate matters of the mind. Greece's illustrious ancient thinkers built the foundations of Western scholarship, and their philosophy stands as an unquantifiable source of national wealth even during a financial crisis. (AP Photo/Petros Giannakouris)

In this photo taken Friday, Oct. 21, 2011, marble statues of ancient Greek philosophers Socrates, right, and Plato, left, are seen on plinths in front of the Athens Academy. More than 200 international philosophers braved strikes and protests to come to Greece this month to join a forum and debate matters of the mind. Greece's illustrious ancient thinkers built the foundations of Western scholarship, and their philosophy stands as an unquantifiable source of national wealth even during a financial crisis. (AP Photo/Petros Giannakouris)

In this photo taken Friday, Oct. 21, 2011, people walks past a statue of ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy, in the northern port city of Thessaloniki, Greece. More than 200 international philosophers braved strikes and protests to come to Greece this month to join a forum and debate matters of the mind. Greece's illustrious ancient thinkers built the foundations of Western scholarship, and their philosophy stands as an unquantifiable source of national wealth even during a financial crisis. (AP Photo/Nikolas Giakoumidis)

In this photo taken Friday, Oct. 21, 2011, a man walks past a bronze bust of Sophocles, one of three ancient Greek tragedians, in Athens. More than 200 international philosophers braved strikes and protests to come to Greece this month to join a forum and debate matters of the mind. Greece's illustrious ancient thinkers built the foundations of Western scholarship, and their philosophy stands as an unquantifiable source of national wealth even during a financial crisis. (AP Photo/Petros Giannakouris)

In this photo taken Friday, Oct. 21, 2011, a marble statues of ancient Greek philosopher Plato is seen on a plinth in front of the Athens Academy, as the Greek flag flies. More than 200 international philosophers braved strikes and protests to come to Greece this month to join a forum and debate matters of the mind. Greece's illustrious ancient thinkers built the foundations of Western scholarship, and their philosophy stands as an unquantifiable source of national wealth even during a financial crisis. (AP Photo/Petros Giannakouris)

(AP) ? More than 200 international philosophers braved strikes and protests to come to Greece this month to join a forum and debate matters of the mind.

Topics on the program included "The Limits of Abstraction: Finding Space for Novel Explanation" and "Partial Realism, Anti-realism and Deflationary Realism: Can History Settle the Argument?"

For the organizers, the event was a success, a sign that life goes on despite economic hardship and perceptions abroad that Greece is one step from anarchy.

It was also a victory for thinking at a time when the country's debates are dominated by hoarse-voiced slogans. After all, Greece's illustrious ancient thinkers built the foundations of Western scholarship, and their philosophy stands as an unquantifiable source of national wealth even during a financial crisis.

"Sometimes people think that the philosopher is up on Mount Olympus, thinking about abstract things," said Stathis Psillos, a philosophy professor at the University of Athens. "We philosophers have somehow to stand up and say, 'Look, OK, money and profit and the bailout are important. But there are people also.'"

Greece's 11 million people face a barrage of existential questions ? about change, values, individual and national identities, the future they want.

What answers would the icons of ancient philosophy be able to give? Are their precepts, crafted more than 2,000 years ago ? when Greece was a "superpower," not Europe's weak link ? still relevant today?

In the broadest sense, yes. Plato, Socrates, Aristotle and a legion of others explored virtue and reason, ethics and evidence, science and harmony. They also pondered financial theory ? the drachma was in circulation then.

In practical terms, the intellectual superstars would scratch their heads. They lived before capitalism, bailout funds, balance sheets and mass consumerism.

They would discover a society radically changed by education, industry and technology. And they might be surprised by the rage, not deliberation, that has gripped Athens, which has been rocked by protests and riots this week against wage cuts and austerity measures.

Psillos, who hosted the three-day forum of the European Philosophy of Science Association, said the "social contract," an idea with Greek roots that groups individuals in a political union, was in "violent rupture" because the state safety net was being scaled down dramatically. The government says the cuts and tax hikes are vital to get international rescue loans that are warding off a wider European or even global crisis.

Psillos lamented budget cuts in higher education. In an interview with The Associated Press, he said the jobs of hundreds of recently picked university lecturers were in limbo, and that some departments were scrounging for cash to make photocopies and buy toilet paper.

Several philosophers say Aristotle's theories are among the most relevant to the financial chaos that has stripped many Greeks of jobs and state benefits once taken for granted. A Plato student, he distinguished finance between household management and commerce based on money as an exchange unit.

The former, Aristotle said, was natural because it entailed the acquisition of things to become self-sufficient, based on practical need alone. The latter, he said, led people to pursue wealth as an end, without limits.

That message, that wealth should service human needs and not fuel greed, will ring true to Greeks angry with politicians for having overspent more than they should in the past, setting the country up for its current crisis. It might even be seen as anti-capitalist ? Aristotle's ideas are said to have influenced Karl Marx.

Xenophon, a soldier and historian, was also a student of finance. He wrote about the revenues of Athens, noting that the more visitors and residents, the greater the imports and exports. He also studied investments and public expenses, the development of silver mines, and the role of slavery in commerce.

Rick Lewis, founder of Philosophy Now magazine, said Plato's notion of an ideal state differed from a modern democracy. But in a parallel with modern times, he noted that Diogenes the Cynic lived in a barrel and advocated self-reliance to deal with crisis and civil unrest.

By "not wearing clothes or washing, eating mainly onions and by masturbating in public among other charming habits, he was trying to show people how few things are really essential to life, and how simply those few physical needs can be met," Lewis wrote in an email.

"He thought Athenian society was corrupt ? according to one story, he used to carry a lighted lantern in the marketplace even in broad daylight, and when people asked what he was doing he'd hold the lantern up to their face and say he was searching for an honest man," he wrote. Lewis added that Diogenes, whose father was a banker, was accused of defacing the coinage in his hometown, Sinope, possibly as a political protest, possibly on advice from the Delphic Oracle.

Mark Vernon, author of "Plato's Podcasts," also cited ancient belt-tightening. He listed Epicurus, who "trained his followers specifically for times of hardship by being able to enjoy a glass of water as much as a feast of Zeus"; Zeno, the founder of Stoicism; and Cleanthes the Water-Carrier, "who had to work by night as that is all he could find."

Other aspects of ancient Greek culture echo today's drama. The Benaki Museum in Athens recently hosted an exhibition of artwork inspired by Aesop's Fables. Some visitors pointed out the relevance of the morality tales, and the artist, Manolis Charos, said the stories enjoyed a revival in the United States in the Great Depression before World War II.

"It's relevant to every human situation and deeply political at the same time," Charos said. "In tough periods, people have a kind of necessity to refind the basics of morality."

The tale of the lion, the fox and the donkey addresses the nexus of power and resources, the artist said. The donkey divides food into three equal portions, and gets eaten by the enraged lion. Then the fox divides the food into a big portion and a little one, and lets the lion choose. He tells the lion that he learned how to share from the donkey's fate.

Charos said schoolchildren picked up quickly on the fable of the city mouse that falsely boasts to the country mouse of the good life in the city. The children, he said, had witnessed enough economic hardship in Athens to know the truth.

Karin de Boer, a philosophy professor at the University of Leuven in Belgium, wrote an article about the debt crisis in Greece that draws on an account of tragedy by Hegel, the German philosopher, and "Oedipus the King," the play by Sophocles.

De Boer compared the financial turmoil to the plague that afflicts Thebes in the ancient tale, and suggested some players in today's crisis are in denial, much like the mythical Oedipus. But she said philosophy cannot solve conflict in a modern state such as Greece.

"All it can do is to try to reinterpret the meaning of modernity without negating its utter precariousness ? just as Oedipus reinterpreted the meaning of his life just before leaving Thebes as a blind and destitute man," she wrote.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2011-10-22-EU-Greece-Ancient-Thinkers/id-7fc08389f517443cb3e019719e02a19a

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The demographics of Occupy Wall Street: By the numbers (The Week)

New York ? Who are these protesters camped out in New York City's Zuccotti Park and what do they believe in? Two new surveys offer some insights

The Occupiers of Wall Street have been portrayed as everything from hippies to "hot chicks," from everyday people with friendly dogs to violent anarchists. Now, two surveys offer some actual data about the Occupy Wall Street demonstrators and their sympathizers. Here, a brief guide, by the numbers, to the movement's demographics:

64
Percent?of those in the Occupy Wall Street movement who are under the age of 35, according to a survey of 1,619 people that visited OccupyWallSt.org. The survey was conducted by Baruch College professor Hector R. Cordero-Guzman and business analyst Harrison Schultz.

20
Percent?over the age of 45, according to the same survey

26.7
Percent who are enrolled in school

More than $75,000
Annual salary that 13 percent of the survey-takers take home, according to Cordero-Guzman and Schultz. "'Tax the rich!' could hit close to home," says Sean Captain at Fast Company.

More than $150,000
Annual salary reported by nearly 2 percent of the survey-takers

$343,927
Adjusted gross income needed to be in the "
extolled and excoriated 1 percent of richest Americans"

Slightly less than $50,000
Median income for American families

15
Percent?of the demonstrators who are unemployed, according to a different survey, this one conducted by veteran pollster Douglas Schoen via in-person interviews with 198 people at Manhattan's Zuccotti Park

18
Percent?of demonstrators who call themselves "part-time employed/underemployed." That's "a combined total of 33 percent who are struggling in the labor market," says Aaron Rutkoff in The Wall Street Journal.

9.1
National rate of unemployment, in percent

53
Percent of demonstrators who say they have previously participated in a political movement, according to Schoen's survey

98
Percent who say they would support civil disobedience to achieve their aims

31
Percent who say the would support violence

8
Percent who say they are unsure of what they would like to see the movement accomplish

44
Percent who say they want to "influence the Democratic Party the way the Tea Party has in?uenced the GOP" (35 percent) or "energize and mobilize progressives" (9 percent)

32
Percent who consider themselves Democrats; nearly the same amount (33 percent) say they don't affiliate themselves with any political party. "What binds a large majority of the protesters together ? regardless of age, socioeconomic status or education ? is a deep commitment to left-wing policies: Opposition to free-market capitalism and support for radical redistribution of wealth, intense regulation of the private sector, and protectionist policies to keep American jobs from going overseas," says Douglas Schoen in The Wall Street Journal.

56
Percent of demonstrators who say they voted in 2008

74
Percent?of those who voted that say they cast a ballot for Obama in 2008

51
Percent?of demonstrators who now say they now disapprove of Obama

At least 25
Percent who says they will not vote in 2012

Sources: Fast Company, Kiplinger, Wall Street Journal (2)

View this article on TheWeek.com
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Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/oped/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/theweek/20111020/cm_theweek/220529

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Ris Lacoste: Market Rapport

I was let out of work this past Sunday so I took full advantage and spent the late morning at the Dupont Circle Farmers Market. My sister Marianne was visiting from Tewksbury, Mass. and she said to me, "You love this, don't you?"

I packed my Saab to overflowing and even had to ask Zach from Tree and Leaf to make an additional delivery. I definitely bought too much, but what can I say? I was a kid in a candy store. My haul included radishes, spinach, salad greens, mustard greens, Swiss chard, collard greens, celery root, green beans, potatoes, apples, pears, cider, kale, beets, onions, tomatoes, squash, sweet potatoes, broccoli, cauliflower, eggplant, herbs, ricotta, yogurt, and honey.

Among the farmers that were there, Mark from Toigo Orchards, Eli from Spring Valley, Cinda at Gardener's Gourmet, Zach from Tree and Leaf, Heinz at Next Step, Paul from Blue Ridge Daily, and of course my dear friends Jim and Alice from Anchor Nursery.

It is the middle of October, so it is definitely time to go to a football game, take a walk through the woods and kick some leaves, and come home to a pot of autumn soup. Here is what I would do:

Put a whole chicken from the market in a pot, cover it with water, and add celery, onions, carrots, leeks and if you have them, thyme, parsley, sage, bay leaf, and a few peppercorns. Throw in a handful of salt so that the chicken is seasoned as it cooks.

Bring to a boil and let simmer just until the chicken is cooked through. No more, no less, about a half hour. Smell the stock, mmmmm...

Meanwhile, in your favorite soup pot, melt some butter or oil, add some onions, celery, carrots, lots of mushrooms still flourishing after our recent rain and caramelize them. If the stock is not ready when the vegetables are caramelized, turn off the heat under the soup pot and prepare the other vegetables.

Mostly any option from the day's harvest will work, sweet potatoes and/or winter squash, kale or collards or Swiss chard, potatoes, tomatoes. Prep what you like. They all grow together, so they will be happy in the same pot. When the chicken is cooked, remove from the stock and set in the refrigerator to chill. Meanwhile, back to your soup.

Strain your delicious fresh chicken stock into the caramelized vegetables. Bring to a boil, let flavors meld, then add your prepared additional vegetables. Cook for not much more than five minutes, making sure the greens are wilted and the sweet potatoes are just cooked.

Pick the chicken meat and add to the soup. Season with a dash of cider or a bit of Dijon mustard, some fresh sage and thyme, a pinch of red pepper flakes.

At the very end, add some cooked rice or cous cous or pasta and serve with some grated Gruy?re and/or Parmesan cheese. Grilled bread or, my favorite, plain old crusty bread with cold butter makes a great accompaniment.

Next week I would suggest going to either the Rose Park or NOMA markets on Wednesday, White House or Penn Quarter on Thursday, or, if you're a weekend warrior, the Arlington, Mt. Pleasant or Glover Park market on Saturday. Make sure to say hello to my friends when you see them. Savor the bounty and cook what you love!

?

Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ris-lacoste/fall-soups_b_1018220.html

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Expanding HIV treatment for discordant couples could significantly reduce global HIV epidemic

[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 18-Oct-2011
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Stephanie Berger
sb2247@columbia.edu
212-305-4372
Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health

October 17, 2011A new study uses a mathematical model to predict the potential impact of expanding treatment to discordant couples on controlling the global HIV epidemic-- in these couples one partner has HIV infection and the other does not. The research conducted at ICAP at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health and the Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior at University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA) is the first to predict the effect of the expansion of such treatment in couples on the HIV epidemic in certain African countries.

In "Modeling the Impact on the HIV Epidemic of Treating Discordant Couples with Antiretrovirals to Prevent Transmission," authors Wafaa El-Sadr, MD, MPH, MPA, director of ICAP at the Mailman School, and Brian Coburn, PhD and Sally Blower, PhD at UCLA's Center for Biomedical Modeling, designed a mathematical model that was able to determine the number of infections prevented as a result of treating discordant couples. They used their model to make predictions for Ghana, Lesotho, Malawi and Rwanda. Full study findings were e-published on October 11, 2011 in the Journal, AIDS.

The authors use data for their modeling from a recent clinical study, HPTN 052, that showed that treatment of the HIV infected individuals in couples where the other partner was not HIV infected was successful in reducing transmission by 96 percent. "The findings from the modeling study provide insights into what to expect at a country level of expanding such a prevention strategy", noted Dr. El-Sadr, "Getting information to countries with regards to what they can expect from scale up of treatment for discordant couples on their epidemics is critical to their decision making".

"The most important aspect of our study is that by using a model to scale up the results of a clinical trial, we were able to predict the effectiveness of the intervention in controlling HIV epidemics," said Dr. Coburn. "It was very exciting to find that this couples-based intervention could be extremely effective." Dr. Blower added, "Our findings are very important as they show the intervention may be very successful in certain countries but not in others. This means we can use our model to identify which specific countries should begin to rollout this intervention."

The authors also demonstrate a practical approach for identifying countries where the expansion of HIV treatment in discordant couples is likely to have a strong effect in terms of preventing further spread of HIV. Such information is of great value as policy makers and public health leaders tackle tough decision in terms of determining their HIV control programs.

###

About ICAP

ICAP at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health is a global leader in public health, with a broad portfolio of research, training, health system strengthening, and service delivery programs in the United States and around the world. Founded in 2004, ICAP is committed to addressing critical health issues and to improving lives by improving access to high-quality, equitable, and affordable health services. Working hand-in-hand with in-country partners, ICAP has supported more than 1,200 health facilities across 21 countries. More than one million people have received HIV services through ICAP-supported programs. For more information about ICAP, visit http://www.columbia-icap.org. For information about the Mailman School of Public Health, visit http://www.mailman.columbia.edu

For information about the Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, visit http://www.semel.ucla.edu.


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?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 18-Oct-2011
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Stephanie Berger
sb2247@columbia.edu
212-305-4372
Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health

October 17, 2011A new study uses a mathematical model to predict the potential impact of expanding treatment to discordant couples on controlling the global HIV epidemic-- in these couples one partner has HIV infection and the other does not. The research conducted at ICAP at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health and the Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior at University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA) is the first to predict the effect of the expansion of such treatment in couples on the HIV epidemic in certain African countries.

In "Modeling the Impact on the HIV Epidemic of Treating Discordant Couples with Antiretrovirals to Prevent Transmission," authors Wafaa El-Sadr, MD, MPH, MPA, director of ICAP at the Mailman School, and Brian Coburn, PhD and Sally Blower, PhD at UCLA's Center for Biomedical Modeling, designed a mathematical model that was able to determine the number of infections prevented as a result of treating discordant couples. They used their model to make predictions for Ghana, Lesotho, Malawi and Rwanda. Full study findings were e-published on October 11, 2011 in the Journal, AIDS.

The authors use data for their modeling from a recent clinical study, HPTN 052, that showed that treatment of the HIV infected individuals in couples where the other partner was not HIV infected was successful in reducing transmission by 96 percent. "The findings from the modeling study provide insights into what to expect at a country level of expanding such a prevention strategy", noted Dr. El-Sadr, "Getting information to countries with regards to what they can expect from scale up of treatment for discordant couples on their epidemics is critical to their decision making".

"The most important aspect of our study is that by using a model to scale up the results of a clinical trial, we were able to predict the effectiveness of the intervention in controlling HIV epidemics," said Dr. Coburn. "It was very exciting to find that this couples-based intervention could be extremely effective." Dr. Blower added, "Our findings are very important as they show the intervention may be very successful in certain countries but not in others. This means we can use our model to identify which specific countries should begin to rollout this intervention."

The authors also demonstrate a practical approach for identifying countries where the expansion of HIV treatment in discordant couples is likely to have a strong effect in terms of preventing further spread of HIV. Such information is of great value as policy makers and public health leaders tackle tough decision in terms of determining their HIV control programs.

###

About ICAP

ICAP at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health is a global leader in public health, with a broad portfolio of research, training, health system strengthening, and service delivery programs in the United States and around the world. Founded in 2004, ICAP is committed to addressing critical health issues and to improving lives by improving access to high-quality, equitable, and affordable health services. Working hand-in-hand with in-country partners, ICAP has supported more than 1,200 health facilities across 21 countries. More than one million people have received HIV services through ICAP-supported programs. For more information about ICAP, visit http://www.columbia-icap.org. For information about the Mailman School of Public Health, visit http://www.mailman.columbia.edu

For information about the Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, visit http://www.semel.ucla.edu.


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?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-10/cums-eht101811.php

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The iPad as a Digital Sketchbook: The Hunt for a Stylus


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--> Kalliopi MonoyiosKalliopi Monoyios is a scientific illustrator at the University of Chicago. Her work has appeared in numerous scientific journals, newspapers and textbooks, has been featured on the covers of Nature, Science, and Genesis and has been "borrowed" by South Park (season 10, episode 12: “Go God Go”). She has illustrated two best-selling popular non-fiction books, Your Inner Fish; A Journey into the 3.5-Billion-Year History of the Human Body by Neil Shubin, and Why Evolution is True by Jerry Coyne. She is convinced that by creating intriguing, intuitive imagery targeted to the right audience, scientists can make their research both interesting and accessible, ultimately leading to a more engaged and scientifically literate public. She is a proud member of the Guild of Natural Science Illustrators and the American Society of Illustrators Partnership. She blogs at An Eye for Science and tweets @eyeforscience. Her work can be found at kalliopimonoyios.com. - http://www.kalliopimonoyios.com - symbiartic Contact Kalliopi Monoyios via email.
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Ever since I downloaded the Brushes app onto my iPhone, I?ve been coveting a larger screen to sketch on. Now, at long last, I have an iPad in hand and am exploring the world of styluses. Ian McQue, one of my favorite concept artists, put out this great timelapse video of him sketching on an iPad and since then, I have been intrigued by the notion of sketching with a stylus. So, the search begins for the appropriate stylus. MacWorld put out a good video review of a whole host of styluses which I thought I?d share:

The Nomad brush looks most intriguing to me, but I think I may try one of the rubber or foam-tipped styluses as well. After a little more research, I may post a review of my final choice with some sketches?

Kalliopi MonoyiosAbout the Author: Kalliopi Monoyios is a scientific illustrator at the University of Chicago and the illustrator of two popular science books, Neil Shubin?s Your Inner Fish, and Jerry Coyne?s Why Evolution is True. Her portfolio is at kalliopimonoyios.com. Follow her at @eyeforscience and with co-blogger Glendon Mellow at @symbiartic. Follow on Twitter @symbiartic.

The views expressed are those of the author and are not necessarily those of Scientific American.

Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=22f46d84890968a6ab87e88ba19825cc

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3 charged after 4 disabled adults locked in room (AP)

PHILADELPHIA ? Three people charged with chaining four mentally disabled adults in the squalid basement of a northeast Philadelphia apartment building may have been holding their victims hostage and collecting their disability benefits, police said.

Officers were investigating a report of squatters in a building Saturday when they found three men and a woman in a 15-by-15-foot room behind a steel door that was chained shut. At least one victim was chained to a boiler, police said.

The subbasement room they were in called to mind a Cold War-era bomb shelter and contained a makeshift bed, mattress and sheets, Officer Tanya Little, a police spokeswoman, said Sunday. It was too small for an adult to stand up straight and also reeked of waste from the buckets they used to relieve themselves, police said. The only food in the basement was a container of orange juice.

"It was horrible," Little said. "The space was very tiny and confined."

Police are investigating the possibility that the suspects were trying to make money through access to the victims' Social Security or disability checks, Little said.

Charges of criminal conspiracy, aggravated assault, kidnapping, criminal trespass, unlawful restraint, false imprisonment and related offenses were filed Sunday against Linda Ann Weston, 51, and Gregory Thomas, 47, both of Philadelphia, as well as Eddie Wright, 50, officially listed as homeless but originally from Texas. Listed numbers for the defendants could not be found Sunday and it was unclear whether they had attorneys.

Thomas and Wright are being held on $500,000 bail following their arraignments Sunday. Online court records do not indicate if Weston has been arraigned.

It wasn't clear how the suspects knew the victims.

Federal charges could also be added, Lt. Raymond Evers told The Philadelphia Inquirer.

"We're going to find every crime possible in the crime code to put on these individuals," Evers said.

The Inquirer reported that Weston served eight years in prison for starving to death 25-year-old Bernardo Ramos after he refused to support her sister's unborn child. She held him in the closet of her North Philadelphia apartment in 1981.

The three people found in the basement ? a 29-year-old woman and the men, who are 31, 35, and 41 ? have the mental capacity of 10-year-olds, police said. They were taken to a hospital for treatment and listed in stable condition. Little said the victims, whose names were not released, appeared to have no physical problems other than malnourishment.

Little said that getting information from the victims had been difficult due to their disability, but they apparently had been brought to Philadelphia about 10 days before they were found. They had apparently been in West Palm Beach, Fla., and before that in Texas, she said.

"It's heartbreaking that people can do such horrifying things to other people," she said.

The Palm Beach Post reported Weston and Wright lived about two months at a home in West Palm Beach, stripping it of wire and plumbing and smearing feces on the walls. The owner of the home said Weston lived with several mentally disabled young adults and Wright lived in a nearby duplex with at least one mentally disabled adult.

The Philadelphia building's landlord, Turgut Gozleveli, told The Inquirer he checked out the basement three times last week after a neighbor complained of suspicious people coming and going.

Eventually, he said, he followed the sound of a barking dog down three steps to an old coal room, where he unwrapped a rusted chain linked around the door handle.

He said he shined his flashlight into the tiny dirt-floored space. He saw two small dogs and blankets, he told the newspaper ? and then people's faces.

"It was terrible," he said. "Something I never expected to see in my life."

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/crime/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111017/ap_on_re_us/us_locked_in_basement

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Doctors: Pap remains best test for cervical cancer

There's more news on cancer screening tests ? this time for women.

Scientists advising the government say a Pap test is a good way to screen young and middle-aged women for cervical cancer, and it's only needed once every three years. But they say there is not enough evidence yet to back testing for HPV, the virus that causes the disease.

That's at odds with the American Cancer Society and other groups, which have long said that using both tests can be an option for women over 30.

Those groups and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force separately plan to release proposed new guidelines for cervical cancer screening on Wednesday and invite public comment. The task force is the same group that recommended against routine PSA tests to screen for prostate cancer, saying they were doing more harm than good for men at average risk.

Cervical cancer screening is a success story. In the United States, cases and death rates have been cut more than in half since the 1970s because of Pap smears ? lab exams of cells scraped from the cervix, the gateway to the uterus. The test can find early signs of this slow-growing cancer and treat them before a tumor has a chance to develop.

So "the bar is set pretty high" for a test to replace or supplement Paps, said Dr. Evelyn Whitlock of Kaiser Permanente Northwest's Center for Health Research in Portland, Ore.

Not enough is known about the benefits and especially the harms of HPV testing, concludes a scientific review she led for the task force that was published on Monday. The panel voted unanimously in March that there was insufficient evidence to recommend for or against HPV testing, but has continued to discuss the issue and will give its advice on Wednesday.

Here's the dilemma: Infections with HPV, the human papillomavirus, are very common especially in young women. They usually go away on their own and only pose a cancer risk when they last a year or more.

Tests that find these infections might lead many women to more invasive follow-up tests that can weaken the cervix and cause problems having children later. No big studies measure these harms, and a test that flags more potential cancers might not be better.

"A lot of people use the word 'superior' to mean it catches more cancer. But the other side of it is, does it catch more things that are not cancer? You have to weigh benefits versus harms for any screening test," said Debbie Saslow, the cancer society's director of breast and gynecologic cancer.

The evidence review finds little risk of cervical cancer in women under 21 and says screening below that age may be harmful. It also says screening can stop at age 65 if a woman has had adequate screening in the past and is not otherwise at high risk.

The review was published Monday in the Annals of Internal Medicine.

The same journal also published a study on another women's cancer issue ? breast cancer screening. That research supports having mammograms every other year instead of annually. Over time, there are more false alarms with annual screening, and going every two years does not significantly raise the risk of a late-stage cancer being found, researchers report.

Breast cancer screening has been an emotional issue since 2009 when the government task force said women at average risk of the disease don't need mammograms until age 50 and then just every other year to age 74. The cancer society and others still advise annual tests starting at age 40.

The federally funded study gives a real-world view of the downside of screening ? the worry, expense and medical risks of biopsies and other tests that ultimately prove unnecessary. It looked at false alarms at various intervals of screening for nearly 170,000 women ages 40 to 59 in ordinary community settings, plus nearly 4,500 other women with invasive breast cancer.

About 61 percent of women who get a mammogram every year for a decade will be called back at least once for extra tests that turn out not to show breast cancer, the study found.

Screening every other year drops this false alarm rate to 42 percent without a big risk of cancer being discovered at a late stage. And a tip for women: If you changed where you go for mammograms, bringing or having doctors send your last one to be compared to the new one cuts in half the chance of a false alarm.

Women who started having mammograms in their 40s versus their 50s were more likely to have a false alarm just because they were having more tests ? not because mammography is less accurate in that age group.

False alarms "are part of the price to pay for early detection," said study leader Rebecca Hubbard of Group Health Research Institute, part of a Seattle-based managed care system. Women need to know how common they are, and "if it happens to them they will feel less anxiety," she said.

Dr. Robert Smith, the cancer society's director of cancer screening, said the study should have more precisely defined intervals ? it called annual screening an interval of 9 to 18 months, and biennial screening, 19 to 30 months.

"A false positive is commonly discussed as if it were a catastrophic event. For the large majority of women, it isn't," and surveys say women will accept the risk in return for finding cancer early, he said.

.___

Online:

Journal studies: www.annals.org

Cervical cancer science review: http://tinyurl.com/6lc2rzg

Task force advice: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/pocketgd1011/gcp10s2.htm

CDC on HPV tests: http://www.cdc.gov/hpv/Screening.html

Cancer Society: http://tinyurl.com/44gnadx

and http://tinyurl.com/257mnge

___

Marilynn Marchione can be followed at http://twitter.com/MMarchioneAP

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2011-10-17-US-MED-Cancer-Tests/id-4f90d3252ba74d52b73a38779fc81d4c

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Iran's Khamenei warns US over assassination claims

FILE - In this 2004 file photo provided by the Williamson County Jail shows Manssor Arbabsiar. Arbabsiar, a U.S. citizen who used to live in Corpus Christi, and a member of Iran's special foreign actions unit known as the Quds Force were charged in New York federal court Tuesday, Oct. 11, 2011, with conspiring to kill Adel Al-Jubeir, the Saudi ambassador to the U.S. Iran's Foreign Ministry says U.S. claims that Tehran was involved in a plot to assassinate the Saudi ambassador in Washington have no "legal logic." The ministry, in a statement on the state news agency Saturday, says the Iranian government has no connection to Manssor Arbabsiar, the man arrested in the alleged plot. (AP Photo/Williamson County Jail via Corpus Christi Caller-Times, File) MANDATORY CREDIT

FILE - In this 2004 file photo provided by the Williamson County Jail shows Manssor Arbabsiar. Arbabsiar, a U.S. citizen who used to live in Corpus Christi, and a member of Iran's special foreign actions unit known as the Quds Force were charged in New York federal court Tuesday, Oct. 11, 2011, with conspiring to kill Adel Al-Jubeir, the Saudi ambassador to the U.S. Iran's Foreign Ministry says U.S. claims that Tehran was involved in a plot to assassinate the Saudi ambassador in Washington have no "legal logic." The ministry, in a statement on the state news agency Saturday, says the Iranian government has no connection to Manssor Arbabsiar, the man arrested in the alleged plot. (AP Photo/Williamson County Jail via Corpus Christi Caller-Times, File) MANDATORY CREDIT

(AP) ? Iran's supreme leader warned the United States on Sunday that any measures taken against Tehran over an alleged plot to assassinate the Saudi ambassador to Washington would elicit a "resolute" response.

Two men, including a member of the Iranian special foreign actions unit known as the Quds Force, have been charged in New York federal court with conspiring to kill the Saudi diplomat, Adel Al-Jubeir. U.S. officials have said no one was ever in any immediate danger from the plot.

"If U.S. officials have some delusions, (they must) know that any unsuitable act, whether political or security, will meet a resolute response from the Iranian nation," state TV quoted Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei as saying.

Iran also demanded that a diplomat be allowed to visit one of the men in prison.

Khamenei's comments may reflect Iranian concerns that Washington would use the Al-Jubeir case to ratchet up sanctions and recruit international allies to try to further isolate Tehran.

U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton has been blunt in saying the United States would use the allegations as leverage with other countries that have been reluctant to apply harsh sanctions or penalties against Iran.

Khamenei, who has the final say on all state matters in Iran, said that the U.S. accused Iran of terror in order to divert attention from its economic woes and from the Occupy Wall Street protest movement.

"By attributing an absurd and meaningless accusation to a few Iranians, they tried ... to show that Iran is a supporter of terrorism. ... This conspiracy didn't work and won't work," he said.

Iran's President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, for his part, dismissed the U.S. accusations as a fabricated "scenario."

"Iran is a civilized nation and doesn't need to resort to assassination," Ahmadinejad was quoted as saying Sunday by the official IRNA news agency. "The culture of terror belongs to you," he said, addressing the United States.

Iranian officials have consistently denied the allegations since they first emerged last week. An earlier statement by Khamenei on Saturday, and Ahmadinejad's remarks on Sunday, were the first comments made by the country's two highest leaders.

In a formal statement released Saturday, the Iranian government said it has no connection to Manssor Arbabsiar, the man arrested in the alleged plot.

On Sunday Iran's Foreign Ministry summoned the Swiss Charge d'Affairs to Tehran to demand consular access to Arbabsiar.

"Offering personal information about the accused and providing consular access to him is an obligation of the U.S. government. Any delay is contrary to international law," a report on Iranian state TV's website said.

The Swiss Embassy handles American interests because the U.S. and Iran do not have diplomatic relations,

Arbabsiar is a 56-year-old naturalized U.S. citizen who also had an Iranian passport. In May 2011, the criminal complaint says, he approached someone he believed to be a member of the vicious Mexican narco-terror group Los Zetas for help with an attack on a Saudi embassy. The man he approached turned out to be an informant for U.S. drug agents, it says.

The U.S. charges that Arbabsiar had been told by his cousin Abdul Reza Shahlai, a high-ranking member of the Quds Force, to recruit a drug trafficker because drug gangs have a reputation for assassinations.

Iranian lawmakers and analysts have said Iran would not benefit from killing the Saudi ambassador in Washington, even if it might have sought to punish its Saudi rivals for intervening in Bahrain to crush a Shiite-led uprising there. Majority Shiite Iran regarded with deep suspicion on the Arab side of the Gulf, which is largely Sunni.

Political analyst Sadeq Zibakalam said the accusations were part of a U.S. strategy to encircle Iran.

"The Americans seek to close the circle around Iran at the international level. ... It's a prelude to transferring Iran's dossier to the U.N. Security Council," he said in comments posted on the fararu.com news website Sunday.

Zibakalam, however, said there was no plausible or logical reason for Iran to assassinate the Saudi envoy in Washington.

"If we assume that Iranian officials sought to punish the Saudis for their intervention in Bahrain, there were tens of other venues such as Turkey, India and Pakistan where Iran could carry out an assassination with the least political costs and consequences, not in U.S.," he said.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2011-10-16-ML-Iran-US-Ambassador-Plot/id-0ec5bf3cdec44d22bb569e5b904d18c5

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French presidential race: Sarkozy vs. Hollande (AP)

PARIS ? The resurgent French left, riding on popular anger at conservative President Nicolas Sarkozy and global financial markets, endorsed former Socialist Party chief Francois Hollande on Sunday as its candidate for next year's presidential elections.

Voter worries about high unemployment, spending cuts and what to do about high state debt formed the backdrop for Sunday's Socialist Party primary, and are likely to dominate the overall presidential campaign.

Hollande, a 57-year-old legislator and moderate leftist, is a low-key consensus builder who says his main selling point is that he's not the attention-grabbing Sarkozy. Hollande was the longtime partner of the Socialists' last presidential candidate, Segolene Royal.

Hollande has no grand proposals for solving the euro debt crisis, which is costing France billions and unsettling markets the world over or for awakening growth in the world's fifth-largest economy. Or for solving tensions with immigrants.

And he's little known outside France, a potential handicap for someone who wants to run a nuclear-armed nation and diplomatic power. Sarkozy's conservatives swiftly criticized his victory as shallow.

Yet opinion polls suggest Hollande could easily unseat Sarkozy, who is widely expected to seek a second five-year term in elections in April and May. Leftist voters see Hollande as their most electable candidate, as they hunger for the Socialists' first presidential victory since 1988.

With 2.3 million votes counted after Sunday's run-off voting, the Socialist Party said 56 percent of the ballots were for Hollande and 44 percent for his challenger Martine Aubry, author of France's 35-hour workweek law.

The party estimates that more than 2.7 million people voted in Sunday's run-off, open to any voters who declare loyalty to leftist values.

Early this year, the Socialists' best hope for toppling Sarkozy was Dominique Strauss-Kahn, who led the International Monetary Fund until he was jailed in May in the United States on charges he tried to rape a New York hotel maid. Prosecutors later dropped the case, but Strauss-Kahn's reputation and presidential ambitions crashed.

Hollande made few promises in his three victory speeches, instead focusing on the need to keep the long-divided French left united behind him.

"I perceived the worries that surround our common future: the disorders of finance, the excesses of globalization, the insufficiencies of Europe and the multiple attacks on our environment," he said in one speech.

Later, he noted recent anti-capitalist protests around Europe and said such anger is mounting in France, too. "We have to be capable of ... hearing these cries, these alerts that are rising in our country."

Hollande's program calls for more spending to reverse cuts in education by Sarkozy's government, a new work contract to encourage companies to hire young people, and focus on reducing France's high budget deficit. It says little about international affairs, other than calling for an unspecified "pact" with Germany, the EU's economic engine, to spur on the now-troubled European project.

Hollande will now face questions about how he would keep France competitive at a time when sluggish growth has reined in state spending and emerging economies such as China, India and Brazil keep booming.

Hollande says trimming state debt is a priority, but has kept to Socialist dogma on issues such as shielding citizens from the whims of the financial markets and raising taxes on the rich.

Valerie Rosso-Debord of Sarkozy's UMP party dismissed the Socialist Party's jobs proposals and spending plans as "unrealistic and costly."

"The French should know that none of this will stand up, and at the end, they will have to pay the bill," she said Sunday night.

The U.S.-styled primary, the first of its kind in France, was designed in part to help Socialists overcome years of dissension in their ranks. While Socialists dominate local and regional politics, they've had only one president over the past half-century, Francois Mitterrand.

Aubry, who had sought to become France's first female president, quickly conceded defeat in Sunday's voting. She and Hollande led the first round of Socialist primary voting a week ago.

Among the losers in that round was Royal, the mother of Hollande's four children. They split up after her defeat to Sarkozy in 2007 but stood side-by-side during Hollande's victory appearance Sunday in a clear message of unity.

When Hollande led the Socialist Party from 1999-2008, the party was weakened and badly fractured. His critics note that he has never run a government ministry, while supporters praise his sense of humor and ability to bring people together.

In Paris' touristic and bohemian Montmartre neighborhood, voters streamed steadily into one polling station at an elementary school near the Sacre Coeur basilica.

"It'd be great to have a woman president," said Michelle Joly, 44, an unemployed former human resources director, who voted for Aubry. "The programs of Aubry and Hollande are a bit 'six of one, half a dozen of the other.'"

Joly's husband, Jean Audouard, however, voted for Hollande, despite his reputation for being too soft.

"I like his ability to unite, his humor," said the 50-year-old school director. "I think Sarkozy isn't suited to France today ? he's not a unifier at a time when we need cohesion."

___

Associated Press writers Sylvie Corbet, Cecile Brisson and Angela Charlton in Paris contributed to this report.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/eurobiz/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111016/ap_on_re_eu/eu_france_socialist_primary

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