Community participation is relevant in the promotion of sustainable ...
Presentation
Development is defined as a change is desirable, and includes a list of attributes that the company is looking / will be sought. It covers the growth of quality of life should lead the real increase in per capita income to education, better health and nutritional status. National development can be seen through increased economic growth and higher production capacity, such as gross national product (GNP) indicated. Should access to freedom, spiritual and equitable distribution of wealth have. Simply put, the development relates to a change, to improve and progress. This results in the future development should not be taken in the short term, is what sustainable development.
Sustainable development as a new concept in natural resource and environmental management is defined in different ways by many defenders. However, the most commonly cited definition of the Brundtland Report, World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED 1987, p. 8). Which states that ?sustainable development is a development meets the needs of today?s generation is to be satisfied without the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.? The concept defined by organizations such as UNEP, was ?to improve the quality of life while living in the ability to support the system.?
The concept of sustainable development aims to achieve a balance between the economic development of a country and its natural resources. For IUCN, the concern is about the need for sustainable development in the severe consequences of poor environmental management can have on people. These consequences are: air pollution causes global warming, acid rain and ozone depletion, irreparable harm to living resources, including water depletion, deforestation, extinction of species (biodiversity) and forgery and poisoning the soil and water with pesticides, herbicides and toxic waste. It is very important for the balance of how the resources used for the development of humanity and the value of the environment in order to preserve the present and future lives.
Sustainable development:
Sustainable development as originally in the field of development in the era of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, 1972 (Stockholm Conference) entered.
Since then, several important principles of environmental management for sustainable development were presented. The aspects that characterize each process of sustainable development are: improving the environment is to make sustainable development, must call expand the utmost importance and recognition of the value of the natural, built and cultural horizons of time, that is, the policy the development are a concern for the future and justice, meeting the needs of disadvantaged people in society (intra-equity) and a genuine concern to help future generations (intergenerational justice). The intergenerational equity required to close the growing gap between rich and poor and ensure that all who live a fair portion of the development process. Generational equity refers to the duties and be fair to the next generation, so that a legacy of not less wealth than we inherited.
To achieve sustainable development is necessary to prevent the irreversible destruction of the environment. Irreversible damage to the environment is to deprive a permanent loss that can not be a step backwards, future generations of wealth we have inherited. Several approaches to environmental programs in resource use have been developed to enable sustainable development. Community participation is one approach among many.
Promote the participation of the Community?s sustainable development
A community, in simple terms, refers to a group of people with a common goal, for example, a rural community, the cultural community, social community, economic community, or perhaps the entire international community. The activities of the residents of the community have a greater impact on the environment. People have an unlimited power to the environment due to the need for the development of change developed. To participate in a community of people in different economic, social and cultural rights. Some of these activities have a negative impact on the environment. Forinstance, deforestation, overgrazing, poaching, overfishing and destruction of habitats of life belong to the many environmental impacts of the community. In addition, any development project or to the well being of the people to improve their communities. It follows that if sustainability is to ensure public participation in any development process is essential.
The origins of the principles of community involvement goes back to the Rio Declaration (Principle 19) and the World Charter for Nature (Articles 16 and 23).
This underlines the need for the government to offer an opportunity to participate individually for all people or in some other way to, in the formulation of environmental policy-making and access to means of substitution into the environment has suffered damage or deterioration.
The principle was in the Rio Declaration (Principle 10) confirmed include three basic elements: It is the participation in decision-making, public opinion by providing information and access to court procedures and administration, including re-dressing and make- up
Fundamental issues of natural resource management is resource allocation, priority setting and decision making. The nature and extent of public interest in the resource assessment is generally accepted or imposed, but not specifically by the governments of developing countries (top down) into account. Ecological, economic and social aspects of technology rather dominant value of resource flows, and the results have often been ignored. Therefore Firey (1960) suggests that public consensus in resource allocation and management around the world are integrated.
Find sustainability, natural resource management in developing countries should call for the development of resources based on the guidelines and priorities. Environmental degradation in many developing countries is often inadequate management practices by outsiders instead of the local community in the eye due. This is because, to maintain policies play an important role in resource allocation and therefore tend to have some more political influence than their communities less fortunate.
The participation of the community to promote sustainable development requires the analysis of complex and large amounts of data. The content analysis techniques were recommended: these views may, for identification, disadvantages and reasons to support these views.
To achieve this, the involvement of community environmental education in the community are provided. The purpose of environmental education for communities of people is to create an environment-conscious people. This will help to two aims: to limit or reduce the extent of the impact of humans with the environment, because of ignorance destroy exaggerated about the activities with the support, such as deforestation, overgrazing, poaching, fishing methods, poor harvests and habitat of living creatures, such as wetlands. The other objective of environmental education to make a community more informed decisions about the environment and natural resources can. To support incentives for environmental projects by local communities to motivate people positively, participation in sustainable development. The elimination of poaching, overfishing and dynamite fishing, deforestation and the burning of coal and other threats to the sustainability of the environment can be treated well when protected securing alternative activities that will be precharged and the environmental needs of the people.
The bottom-up approach requires the participation of the community to not enforce the policy in the community. To achieve this goal, the need to integrate environmental education into school curricula so that students understand the environment and teach others in general. It is also necessary for those responsible for the environment at the grassroots (communities). Radio broadcasts, seminars and workshops are just some of the many ways to use the knowledge of environmental awareness and skills of the population for sustainable development.
Importance of community commitment to the promotion of sustainable development
Community participation is a modern development strategy for its ability to expand, the benefits of developing a larger community, while promoting sustainability has been recognized.
Among the main reasons for using the strategy of community involvement includes: -
The community engagement strategy ensures a fair distribution of benefits of development projects for the whole community was involved and participated in its entirety. The equitable distribution of benefits to the community project, inturn the extrinsic motivation to take care for the people to carry these projects so that they continue to be useful for a long time. What is told with a sense of sustainable development.
The participation of the community develops a sense of responsibility and ethical management of community members on development projects and the natural resources of the environment because they are the result of their needs and aspirations. When people are fully involved in the planning and implementation of the benefits of a project are involved, you will hear the parties, and therefore must ensure that the project is successful, and much more. Thus, a sustainable development be achieved.
The effective participation of people in community development programs require that people have environmental education. The knowledge about the environment that allows people to acquire knowledge, develop skills, change attitudes and gain a sense of participation in the proper use of environment and natural resources. And encourage ?the knowledge about the environment, involving all sectors of society, especially the poor and marginalized, in the project, thereby increasing the efficient use and management for sustainable development.
Community contribution is important for social impact assessment in developing countries for the creation of a development project. For example, the social effects of artificial lakes (reservoirs), stressed the need for social variables of the community in the planning and management of development projects to integrate. For example, the construction of the Kariba Dam, the social impact of social disruption in the transmission of many families, the loss of arable land, loss of opportunities and problems in adapting to new settlement areas. The only way to avoid these problems, the effective participation of the community from conception to implementation and management of each project.
The learning environment allows people to participate in development projects and the knowledge and skills in the process of promoting self-employment among the poor and needy of the community acquired. Self-help skills, it is these people are trying to carry out development activities with the environment / environmental projects and to improve their lives. This is very important for sustainability.
Community Engagement Strategy to promote sustainable development is important because it promotes the sharing of responsibility for identifying, planning, management and implementation.
This also helps the community a sense of ownership of the project and therefore be willing to see what happens. This is important for sustainable development.
Indigenous knowledge and science and technology are important to solve environmental problems. And ?it is necessary to integrate indigenous knowledge and scientific knowledge for the maintenance of soil fertility, prevent erosion and improve methods of agriculture on steep slopes with scientific findings. Indigenous peoples have the knowledge of indigenous peoples. The most effective strategy to apply that knowledge is the participation of indigenous communities.
The strategy of the Community participation in sustainable development aims, the hostility that people often have to reduce to development projects such as urban renewal. Exceeding this hostility is a very important mechanism for sustainable development as a people with the spirit of optimism (attitude) to cooperate.
The strategy also promotes transparency in financial management in the development project of the government or donors funded, will bring together the stakeholders (community) satisfaction. This will contribute to conflict and lead to sustainable development.
Community participation is essential in promoting sustainable development, since both the causes and solutions to environmental problems are often linked to individual and social choices. It makes people understand how to create human society, the environment and the economic mechanisms that the legal and political framework to address concerns problems and situations. This is a key issue for sustainable development.
Community participation enables groups and individuals the opportunity to participate actively at all levels to work to solve environmental problems. This means ensuring environmental citizenship in the village, where everyone is a member of the environmental needs. ?A number or a citizen must make sure the environment is to adopt a member. This approach converges to a sustainable development permit.
This strategy is important in managing the environment, since it involved the leadership of community members that helps to identify actively participate in the process. This is important to bring others in good environmental management and development.
LIMITS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE strategy for sustainable development, the participation of the community.
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It should be noted, however, that widespread in developing countries, the participation of the community in initiatives to develop still poor and demanding and not far away. The limitations of this method are the limited resources of time on the method, commitment, tolerance, and the difficulty that public participation is spent on the subject. We have the urgency of the problem and the involvement of the community. In terms of financial resources, there is a constant uninterrupted flow, so that participants are not frustrated by the contradictions.
Completion
Despite the above limitations of sustainable development is truly achieved when resource users and consumers of goods and services resulting from environmental resources, are actively involved in the project planning, management and development, what the community in general. These are the people (the church) who ultimately make decisions on how to use the resources to meet their economic, social and cultural rights. Environmental degradation in many countries is often inadequate due to management practices by outsiders instead of the local community in mind. In order for the community in which the policy must not be imposed on people, but people to the project (the shareholders), environmental education should be made available for people.
References
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Enger and Smith (2006) Environmental Science:A study of the relations (10th ed)
McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. in New York.
United Nations and the environmentDevelopment (1992). The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. Gineva, Switzerland, Secretariat of the UNCED.
Michael L. McKinney, RM Schoch (1998). EnvironmentScience, systems and advanced solutions, Web Edition, West Publishing, USA.
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